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Clean Oil Sampling - How to Sample Oil Without Opening the Bottle
Jim Fitch
Proper oil sampling does
not have to be a difficult or unpleasant experience. In fact, when the best
sampling methods (and hardware) are employed the experience should be just the
opposite. There are many important lessons to learn when it comes to pulling
a sample. Many run contrary to intuition. Most of them have to do with insuring
that what enters the bottle is both rich in information and remains undisturbed
by the sampling process itself. It is this later concern that is addressed by
this article.
Modern oil analysis programs
typically include some tests that can be influenced by environmental contaminants
entering the oil (bottle) during the sampling process. Tests of greatest risk
include particle counting, elemental spectroscopy, and total acid number. In
situations where there is considerable dust in the environment at the time the
sample is pulled, a concerted effort needs to be made to insure that this dust
does not contaminate the oil. Examples of high-risk situations/environments
include mine sites, construction sites, primary metals industries, foundries,
windy outdoor conditions, and sample points close to the ground.
Experiments on the influence
of environmental dust on particle counts have shown a marked effect. It is not
unusual for an oil’s ISO code to increase 2-3 range numbers when a bottle is
left open just a few minutes.
For instance, the actual oil sampled might be
a rather clean ISO 13/10 but after exposing the sample bottle to atmosphere
it can show an ISO 16/13. The amount of dirt needed to accomplish an ISO 16/13
is only about 1 ppm.
Recently, a new method called
“clean oil sampling” has emerged that greatly simplifies the process and minimizes
the risk of dirt entering the bottle. It involves the use of common zip-lock
sandwich bags and sampling hardware such as vacuum pumps and probe devices.
Below is an outline description of this procedure:
Step One
Obtaining a good oil sample begins with a bottle of the correct size and cleanliness.
The topic of bottle cleanliness will be discussed in greater detail in a future
issue of Practicing Oil Analysis. However, it is understandable that the bottle
must be at a known level of cleanliness and that this level should be sufficiently
high so as not to interfere with expected particle counts.
Some people relate this
to a signal-to-noise ratio, i.e., the target cleanliness level of the oil (signal)
should be several times the expected particle contamination of the bottle (noise).
For more information on bottle cleanliness refer to ISO 3722.
Step Two
Before going out into the plant with the sample bottles place the capped bottles
into very thin zip-lock sandwich bags; one per bag. Zip each of the bags such
that air is sealed into the bag along with the bottles. This should be done
in a clean-air indoor environment in order to avoid the risk of particles entering
the bags along with the bottles. After all of the bottles have been bagged,
put these small bags (with the bottles) into a large zip-lock bag for transporting
them to the plant or field. Sampling hardware such as vacuum pumps and probe
devices should be placed in the large bag as well.
Step Three
After
the sampling port or valve has been properly flushed (including the sampling
pump or probe if used) remove one of the bags holding a single sample bottle.
Without opening the bag, twist the bottle cap off and let the cap fall to the
side within the bag. Then move the mouth of the bottle so that it is away from
the zip-lock seal. Do not unzip the bag.
Step Four
Thread the bottle into the cavity of the sampling device (vacuum pump or probe).
The plastic tube will puncture the bag during this process, however, try to
avoid other tears or damage to the bag (turn the bottle, not the probe or pump,
while tightening).
If a probe device is used, it is advisable to break a small hole in the bag
below the vent hole with a pocket knife. This permits air to escape during sampling.
Step Five
The sample is then obtained in the usual fashion until the correct quantity
of oil has entered the bottle. Next, by gripping the bottle, unscrew it from
the cavity of the pump or probe device. With the bottle free and still in the
bag, fish the cap from the bottom of the bag onto the mouth of the bottle and
tighten.
Step Six
With the bottle capped it is safe to unzip the bag and remove the bottle. Confirm
that the bottle is capped tightly. The bottle label should be attached and the
bottle placed in the appropriate container for transport to the lab. Do not
reuse the zip-lock bags.
Benefits
of Clean Oil Sampling
This simple procedure effectively permits samples to be obtained without exposing
the fluid or the bottle to the atmosphere or surface contamination. A clean
sample can even be obtained with dirty hands. There are no expensive materials
to purchase and the technique can be applied to a large number of sampling situations.
For best results practice a few times with a spare bottle until the technique
is perfected.
Other resources: Oil
Analysis Dictionary
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